
Debunking the S-400 Shield: Lessons from the India-Pakistan Conflict
The 2025 conflict between India and Pakistan marked an important chapter in testing the S-400 air defense technology.

The 2025 conflict between India and Pakistan marked an important chapter in testing the S-400 air defense technology.

Modern air defense systems have become important instruments, shaping contemporary politics.

When a nation newly ascends or returns to the status of a leading international power, it often feels the need to publicly demonstrate its rise through a brief, victorious war. Today, China’s increasing strength may tempt it to pursue such a conflict, and not necessarily with Taiwan, if it anticipates—perhaps incorrectly—that victory will be swift, decisive and demonstrative.